The " Intercursus Magnus " between England and the Netherlands
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Entry
The " Intercursus Magnus " between England and the Netherlands
[Rymer, Foedera, Vol. XII., pp. 578-88. Reprinted with emendations in A. F. Pollard, The Reign of Henry VII. from Contemporary
Sources (1914), Vol. II. , pp. 285-309.] ...
Imprimis, conventum concordatum et conclusum est quod
ab hac die sit bona, sincera, vera, integra, perfecta et firma amicitia, liga, confoederatio, pax et unio per terram, mare et aquas dulces, futuris temporibus perpetuo duraturae, inter dictos dominos regem et archiducem,¹ eorumque haeredes et successores, regna, patrias, dominia, terras, vassallos et subditos quoscunque praesentes et futuros, tam ecclesiasticos quam secu-
lares, cujuscumque gradus seu conditionis existant, etiam si archiepiscopali ducali vel minori dignitate statu aut gradu praefulgeant; ita quod praedicti vassalli et subditi hincinde ubique locorum sibi invicem favere, seseque mutuis officiis prosequi, et honesta affectione pertractare teneantur, possintque tam per terram quam per mare et aquas dulces ad dicta regna, patrias, dominia et terras, civitates, oppida, villas munitas aut non munitas, firmatas aut non firmatas, portus et districtus
quoscunque et eorum quodlibet hincinde tute, libere et secure accedere, intrare et in eisdem quamdiu voluerint commorari et conversari, ac ibidem victualia et alia eis necessaria quaecunque
sine quacunque contradictione emere et vendere, necnon ab eisdem regnis, patriis, terris, civitatibus, oppidis, villis, portubus et districtibus, et eorumquolibet, totiens quotiens eis libuerit, ad partes proprias vel alienas quascumque, cum suis aut con-
ductis aut accommodatis navigiis plaustris vel armaturis, mercimoniis, sercinolis, bonis et rebus quibuscumque, ire, recedere 1 I.e. , between Henry VII. and the Archduke Philip, Duke of Burgundy and Count of Flanders.
ac reverti, quemadmodum propriis in patriis, haec omnia eis facere liceret, et sicut proprii subditi locorum et patriarum illarum facere possint ; ita quod nullo salvo conductu aut licentia generali vel speciali indigeant, nec in aliquo locorum praedictorum salvum conductum vel licentiam petere teneantur. [Neither of the allies shall attack the other, or assist by deeds or by counsel the enemies of the other ally, who intend to attack him. They shall assist each other in such a case with all their power, but the ally who requests the other to help him shall bear the expenses.
Neither of the allies shall permit the rebels of the other ally to stay in his dominions or shall in any way help them, but shall expel them within fifteen days.... Each of the allies shall include the other in all treaties,
alliances or truces, which they may henceforth conclude with other states.
If the subjects of either do anything in contravention of the treaty, it shall nevertheless remain in force, and only the offenders shall be punished.] Item conventum, concordatum et conclusum est quod omnes mercatores tam regni Angliae, dominii Hiberniae, villae et marchiarum Calisii quam etiam mercatores terrarum et patriarum Brabantiae, Flandriae, Hannoniae, Hollandiae, Zeelandiae, villae et terrae Mecliniae et aliarum patriarum et dominiorum domini archiducis praedicti, tam mercatores lanarum, coriorum, victualium quam aliarum merchandisanum quarumcumque,
necnon eorum factores, familiares, negotiorum gestores et ministri, poterunt deinceps per terram pedestres aut equestres aut alio modo quocunque, armati vel non armati (dummodo armati simul incedentes quadragenarium numerum non excedant), cum suis bonis et mercandisia secure et libere ire et venire, in-
vicemque communicare et mercare, emere et vendere ac commercium facere et habere, tam de mercandisis lanarum, coriorum,
victualium, armorum, equorum, jocalium quam aliis quibuscunque, ipsaque ducere et reducere sive duci et reduci facere ad eorum libitum et voluntatem de Calesiis et marchiis ejusdem ac aliis quibuscumque partibus regni Angliae et dominii Hiberniae in Brabantiam [etc.] ac alia dominia praefati domini archiducis ;
et e contra, de Brabantia [etc.] ac aliis dominiis praefati domini archiducis ad villam et marchias Calesii et alias quascumque
partes regni Angliae et dominii Hiberniae absque alio impedimento aut prohibitione quacunque in contrarium et absque eo quod propter ea aliquam poenam sive mul[c]tam incurrant, seu quod perdominos patriarum, terrarum et dominiorum praedic-
torum hincinde aut eorum officiarios et justiciarios possint inde redargui, accusari, puniri vel mulctari, statutis et ordinationibus locorum in omnibus semper salvis.
[The merchants of both allies are to be free to come and go and to buy and sell in the dominions of the other ally, in towns and ports where there are customs officials established to supervise traffic. They may freely bring in their arms, provided that they deposit these in their hospices until they return to their ships. ...
Fishermen of both allies shall be free to fish unmolested in
the seas, and if driven into each other's ports shall be well treated and allowed to depart unmolested.] est quod in nullis portubus aut littoriItem conventum bus partium praedictarum aut eorum alterius piratae aut alii, sine autoritate suorum principum guerram super mare facientes, ...
sive nationis partium praedictarum aut alterius nationis cujuscunque fuerunt, aliquo modo receptabuntur, neque ipsis aut eorum alicui ibidem seu alibi in regnis [etc.] principum prae-
dictorum in pecunia, armis, instrumentis bellicis, victualibus, aut alia re quacunque, aliquo pacto, auxilium praestabitur, nec favor, quovis quaesito colore, praebebitur sub poena refertionis
et restitutionis omnium dampnorum, expensarum et interesse subditis praedictis aut eorum alicui per hujus modi piratas aut
violentes depraedatores illatorum et fiendorum, tam per ipsos piratas si depraehendantur et solvendo sint, quam etiam per eorum receptatores, factores et auxiliantes : qui quidem piratae et auxiliatores ad haec praecise et summaria cognitione cogentur, tam in personis quam bonis, per locorum seu districtuum
officiarium ubi talia contigerint ; de quibus dampnis, expensis et interesse, si alias probare non poterunt, stabitur fidei et juramento dampnificatorum. Et si contingat hujus modi piratas, depraedatores, eorum factores et auxiliantes super hujus modi
piratica [etc.] convinci, quod tunc hujus modi piratae [etc.]
dampna, expensas, interesse partibus sic damnificatis refarcient et restituent; et, si hujus modi refertionem et restitutionem infra quatuor dies proximo et immediate sequentes diem in quo
de hujus modi piratica [etc.] convicti fuerunt, cum effectu facere recusaverint, tunc hujus modi piratae [etc.] ad restitutionem dupli dampnorum [etc.] sic dampnificatis faciendam per locorum et districtuum officiarios compellantur et cogantur. [Provisions against the sale or reception of stolen goods and for their restitution and the punishment of offenders. Securities for the preservation of the peace to be taken from the ships of each ally, on entering the ports of the other.
The ships of each ally shall succour each other with provisions in case of distress, and shall assist to procure each other's release if captured by a third party, at the expense of the side which asks for help. The ships of each ally shall freely enter and leave the ports of the other, provided that they do not land their merchandise or transfer it to other ships without licence from the chief official of the district .
The merchants of each ally shall not carry or pass as their own the goods of merchants belonging to any country hostile to the other.
If a ship belonging to one ally be shipwrecked in the dominions of the other, the cargo shall not be confiscated, but shall be kept securely by the officials of the district in which the wreck shall have occurred, and shall be reclaimable within a year and a day, after payment of costs incurred in salving and keeping them.]
Item conventum
...
est quod mercatores, qui subditi fuerint
alicujus principum praedictorum, poterunt tenere et habere in villis et oppidis alterius principis domos et habitationes pro ipsis
et rebus suis in eisdem recipiendis, servandis et exponendis, ibidemque eisdem privilegiis libertatibus et francisiis utentur et guadebunt quibus ibidem usi et gavisi fuerint ante quinquaginta annos ultimo et immediate praecedentes, adeoque benigne et amicabiliter tractabuntur in eisdem sicut aliae nationes ipsas patrias et villas frequentantes.
Item conventum
..
est quod officiarii principum prae-
dictorum et eorum utriusque, ad scrutandas mercandisas per terram mare vel aquas dulces vectas vel vehendas ordinati, in visitando mercandisas vel naves nil dampnificabunt de bonis seu mercibus subditorum unius vel alterius principum praedictorum, sed ea bene et honeste tractabunt et visitabunt absque violentia, frangendo pugonibus vel aliis instrumentis
quibuscunque barellos, saccos, cistas, sarcinulas seu alias paccaturas quascunque, et temere contravenientes teneantur poena incarcerationis per unam mensam una [blank] partis laesae ; qui vero ex nulla rationabili aut probabili causa hujus modi barellos [etc.] fregerit, aperuerit aut dissolverit ad hujusmodi barellos [etc.] refarciendum, reparandum et repacandum, suis super rebus et expensis teneantur [sic] ; scrutatores autem hujus modi in exequendo sua officia in patriis partium praedictorum nullas exactiones super ipsos, quorum bona seu merces scrutantur, facient, nec eosdem cogent ad venditionem suarum aut
alicujus partis pro aliquo pretio per ipsos scrutatores contra voluntatem venditorum statuto.
[Provision for the recovery of debts. Provision against the concession of reprisals and letters of
marque to the subjects of either of the allies against the subjects ofthe other ally. Transport of bullion from the dominions of the Archduke to England by English subjects to be permitted, under certificates to be issued by the officers of the town in which they bought or ...
acquired the said bullion. Merchants to make use of legal and proper weights and measures.] Item, conventum est quod ad sedandum et componendum lites, discordias et querelas inter mercatores stapulae Calesiae et subditos domini archiducis stapulam concernentes, in villa Calesiae decima secunde die Maii proximo futuro convenient deputati mercatorum utriusque partis; et, casu quo per ipsos ...
hujusmodi lites, discordiae et querelae sedari et componi non possunt, fiet relatio principibus praedictis, qui aliter pro hujusmodi litibus, discordiis et querelis sedandis, prout ratio et aequitas dictaverit, providebunt. ...
